長毛兔：原譯安哥拉兔，起源于小亞細亞一帶，名字來自安哥拉城，即土耳其首都安卡拉。安哥拉兔從1723年由英國海員帶到法國，再傳到世界。后來形成了法、英、德和中四個不同的品系，長毛兔有白、黑、粟、藍、灰、黃等多種顏色，白色兔的眼為紅色，有色兔的眼睛為黑色。白色兔毛有利染色，故飼養(yǎng)白色長毛兔為普遍。

Angora rabbit: originally translated Angora rabbit, originated in Asia Minor, and its name comes from Angola City, namely Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. The Angora rabbit was brought to France by British sailors in 1723 and then spread to the world. Later on, four different strains were formed, including France, England, Germany, and China. The long haired rabbit had various colors such as white, black, millet, blue, gray, and yellow. The eyes of the white rabbit were red, while those of the colored rabbit were black. White rabbit hair is beneficial for staining, so raising white long haired rabbits is the most common.

形態(tài)特征

Morphological features

安哥拉兔全身絨毛厚實且濃密，被毛有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，不易纏結(jié)，有波浪式彎曲。面部有些無長毛，也有些額毛、頰毛豐盛，但大部分耳背無長毛，僅有耳尖的一撮長毛。四肢、腹部都有茂密的絨毛，體毛細長且柔軟，排列整齊。四肢強健，背部平直，頭型略尖，耳朵呈V狀，眼睛大而圓。安哥拉兔體型較大，成年體重可達3.5~5.7kg。體長約45cm，胸圍30~35cm。年產(chǎn)毛量可達1190~2000g。

Angora rabbits have thick and dense fur all over their body, with a tuft like structure that is not easily tangled and has wavy curves. Some of the facial features have no long hair, while others have abundant forehead and cheek hair. However, most of the earlobes have no long hair, only a small tuft of hair on the tip of the ear. There are dense hairs on the limbs and abdomen, with slender and soft body hair arranged neatly. Strong limbs, straight back, slightly pointed head, V-shaped ears, large and round eyes. Angora rabbits have a larger body size and can reach an adult weight of 3.5-5.7kg. The body length is about 45cm, and the chest circumference is 30-35cm. The annual gross production can reach 1190-2000g.

生活環(huán)境

living environment

安哥拉兔受到超過臨界溫度的影響顯著。仔兔的適環(huán)境溫度為30℃~32℃，幼兔的適溫度為20℃~25℃，成年兔的適溫度范圍較大，為15℃~25℃，臨界溫度為5℃和30℃。高溫環(huán)境會嚴重影響安哥拉兔幼崽的生長、進食以及受胎能力，而且隨著溫度的增長，微生物變得更加活躍，導致安哥拉兔的得病率上升、抵抗力下降；低溫環(huán)境則不利于安哥拉兔的心肺功能正常運轉(zhuǎn)。

Angora rabbits are significantly affected by temperatures exceeding the critical range. The optimal environmental temperature for young rabbits is 30 ℃~32 ℃, the optimal temperature for young rabbits is 20 ℃~25 ℃, and the optimal temperature range for adult rabbits is relatively large, ranging from 15 ℃~25 ℃. The critical temperatures are 5 ℃ and 30 ℃. High temperature environments can seriously affect the growth, feeding, and fertility of Angora rabbit cubs, and as temperature increases, microorganisms become more active, leading to an increase in disease incidence and a decrease in resistance in Angora rabbits; Low temperature environment is not conducive to the normal functioning of the heart and lungs of Angora rabbits.

安哥拉兔喜歡干燥清潔，高溫高濕和低溫高濕環(huán)境對安哥拉兔都有嚴重的不利影響。安哥拉兔適濕度應在60%~65%。空氣相對濕度低于50%會導致兔毛粗糙，質(zhì)量下降，對于安哥拉兔的呼吸系統(tǒng)也會造成損傷；空氣相對濕度高于70%的話，會導致微生物的大面積繁殖，污染兔毛，導致品質(zhì)下降，提高安哥拉兔染病概率，造成疾病或死亡。

Angora rabbits like to be dry and clean, and both high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature, high humidity environments have serious adverse effects on Angora rabbits. The optimal humidity for Angora rabbits should be between 60% and 65%. Air relative humidity below 50% can lead to rough rabbit hair, decreased quality, and damage to the respiratory system of Angora rabbits; If the relative humidity of the air is higher than 70%, it will lead to the large-scale reproduction of microorganisms, contaminate rabbit hair, lead to a decrease in quality, increase the probability of Angora rabbits getting sick, and cause disease or death.

生活習性

Living habits

安哥拉兔屬于晝伏夜出性動物，白天多靜伏籠中，屬于半睡眠狀態(tài)，采食量少；夜間十分活躍，頻繁采食和飲水，進食占全天的70%左右，飲水占全天的60%左右。安哥拉兔神經(jīng)敏感，膽小怕驚，如遇突然的刺激、異常的聲音，就會精神不安，食欲減退，甚患病死亡。

Angora rabbits are diurnal and nocturnal animals, often resting in cages during the day and in a semi dormant state with low food intake; Very active at night, frequently feeding and drinking water. Eating accounts for about 70% of the day, while drinking water accounts for about 60% of the day. Angora rabbits have sensitive nerves and are timid and afraid of shock. In the event of sudden stimulation or abnormal sounds, they may become mentally unstable, lose appetite, and even suffer from illness and death.

安哥拉兔是食草動物，喜歡吃青綠鮮嫩多汁的飼料，其次是粗磨的顆粒飼料，不喜歡吃粉料。安哥拉兔還具有啃食硬物的習性，因為其門齒會不斷生長，只有不斷啃咬硬物來磨損門齒，使得上下門齒吻合，才能有效采食。

Angora rabbits are herbivorous animals and prefer to eat green, tender, and juicy feed, followed by coarsely ground pellet feed. They do not like to eat powdered feed. Angora rabbits also have a habit of gnawing on hard objects, as their front teeth will continue to grow. Only by constantly gnawing on hard objects can they wear down their front teeth and make the upper and lower front teeth match, in order to effectively feed.

主要價值

Main value

飼養(yǎng)安哥拉兔是現(xiàn)代的養(yǎng)殖業(yè)之一。隨著科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展，兔毛不僅可用于粗紡，也能用于精紡，是一種紡織原料。兔毛具有長、細、柔軟、耐用等優(yōu)點，細度約為細羊毛的一半。由于其角蛋白有很大的吸水能力，即使含潮率達30%，纖維也不顯潮濕，并具有相當好的絕緣能力，兔毛無羊毛粗脂，不需經(jīng)分選、水洗、炭化、烘干便可直接用于工業(yè)，故有“特種纖維”之稱。而且其保暖性能比羊毛高31.7%，比棉花高90.5%，所以兔毛紡織品具有輕暖、美觀等特點，深受消費者青睞。

Raising Angora rabbits is one of the modern animal husbandry industries. With the development of science and technology, rabbit hair can not only be used for rough spinning, but also for fine spinning, making it a high-end textile raw material. Rabbit hair has advantages such as length, thinness, softness, and durability, with a fineness of about half that of the finest wool. Due to its high water absorption ability of keratin, even with a moisture content of 30%, the fiber does not appear damp and has good insulation ability. Rabbit hair does not have wool or coarse fat and can be directly used in industry without sorting, washing, carbonization, or drying, hence it is called "special fiber". Moreover, its thermal insulation performance is 31.7% higher than wool and 90.5% higher than cotton, so rabbit hair textiles have the characteristics of being light, warm, and beautiful, which are highly favored by consumers.

安哥拉兔毛纖維被贊為世上細的“華貴”纖維。經(jīng)測量，其直徑為10~12μm，長度達到40~70mm。該纖維具有空腔結(jié)構(gòu)，可將空氣封閉在內(nèi)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)特性使得安哥拉兔毛纖維具有高絕熱性和極輕的重量。而且安哥拉兔毛纖維密度很小，僅約1.15gm/cm?，該纖維與超細羊毛、馬海毛、真絲及羊駝毛等纖維混紡，可加工成時尚面料和保暖效果的內(nèi)衣。安哥拉兔的產(chǎn)毛效率高，產(chǎn)毛的飼料消耗少，具有成本低利潤率高、省人力省土地等價值。

Angora rabbit hair fiber is praised as the finest "luxurious" fiber in the world. After measurement, its diameter is 10-12 μ m. The length reaches 40-70mm. This fiber has a cavity structure that can seal air inside, which makes Angora rabbit hair fiber highly insulated and extremely lightweight. And the fiber density of Angolan rabbit hair is very small, only about 1.15gm/cm?, This fiber is blended with fibers such as ultra-fine wool, mohair, silk, and alpaca wool, and can be processed into fashionable fabrics and underwear with excellent thermal insulation effects. Angora rabbits have high wool production efficiency, low feed consumption for wool production, low cost, high profit margin, and the value of saving manpower and land.